Wastewater Treatment Packages
What is wastewater treatment?
Wastewater treatment packages are a completely independent system for wastewater treatment that works automatically and without human intervention, and should include a combination of the following components and elements in an external tank:
- including sedimentation and initial and final clarity
- Adequate biological treatment.
- Sludge storage, preferably at least 3 months.
- Sludge recovery from final settling (if required).
- “ready to go”.
- Fully portable.
Sepahan Palash Company specializes in designing, manufacturing, and operating a wastewater treatment package (Package Plant for Wastewater Treatment).
Wastewater treatment Design
The design process of the wastewater treatment package is mainly carried out by the manufacturers and producers of the wastewater treatment packages according to the following principles. This process of designing the wastewater treatment package consists of:
- Process flow diagram including volume (mass) balance, energy consumption and chemicals
- Concept design planning
- Piping diagrams and instrumentation including relevant lists (equipment, pipe, valve, tool, motor and input and output lists)
- Equipment data sheets and technical and economic evaluation of the provided equipment
- PLC
- Technical documents (design basics, package manual, etc.)
- Planning, commissioning and training services
- Design supervision and review
- Optimizing the process in terms of saving energy and chemicals
- Setting up sewage treatment packages
- Estimated project budget including operating costs
Wastewater treatment Design
The design process of the wastewater treatment package is mainly carried out by the manufacturers and producers of the wastewater treatment packages according to the following principles. This process of designing the wastewater treatment package consists of:
- Process flow diagram including volume (mass) balance, energy consumption and chemicals
- Concept design planning
- Piping diagrams and instrumentation including relevant lists (equipment, pipe, valve, tool, motor and input and output lists)
- Equipment data sheets and technical and economic evaluation of the provided equipment
- PLC
- Technical documents (design basics, package manual, etc.)
- Planning, commissioning and training services
- Design supervision and review
- Optimizing the process in terms of saving energy and chemicals
- Setting up sewage treatment packages
- Estimated project budget including operating costs
Wastewater treatment Parts
balance tank:
Balancing tanks are used in cases where the wastewater flow rate varies greatly or the composition, resistance or temperature is sufficiently different.
Bioreactor Tank:
Membrane bioreactors usually use MF microfiltration or UF ultrafiltration and their integration with a biological process such as a suspended growth bioreactor.
Membranes act like a filter and the output product will be free of any suspended particles, and if the membrane is clogged, it can be cleaned using acid washing.
Clarifier Tank:
If the suspended solids in the wastewater are more concentrated, clarifiers are needed. Almost all sedimentation tanks of treatment plants (clarifiers) are circular or sometimes rectangular in design. The clarifier tank works on the principle of gravity.
Chlorine tank:
Chlorine can be used in wastewater disinfection as elemental chlorine (gas) or as a chlorine compound such as a liquid solution of sodium hypochlorite or solid calcium hypochlorite.
Blowers:
Blowers are usually used for ventilation in activated sludge packages and to strengthen the aerobic system. They keep solids suspended in channels and in air and chambers, which are absolutely necessary for a proper filtration ecosystem.
Switchboard:
For the automatic control of the device, the electrical panel with all the required inputs and outputs is considered, and Hayala ventilation blowers, stream, platform, etc., electrical devices such as contactor, bimetal, PH meter, timer relay and temperature control from Hyundai brand. South Korea LG or LS or similar will be provided. A separate electrical panel is also used to maintain aeration pumps.
Wastewater treatment Types
1. Effluent treatment packages (ETP)
One of the types of wastewater treatment packages used by leading companies in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Such companies use the purification method to purify water and remove non-toxic and toxic chemicals. The ETP wastewater treatment package helps in protecting the environment. The ETP wastewater treatment system is where wastewater and industrial effluents are treated. In the manufacture of drugs, it depends on pollutants and effluents. The ETP wastewater treatment package uses drying and evaporation methods in wastewater treatment. Wastewater treatment is also necessary to remove any pollution. Sewage treatment systems are installed to help reduce the possibility of contamination. If degradable organic substances are not dissolved in time, they can increase pollution. For more information, please visit the JNE Environment website.
2. Sewage treatment package (STP)
Domestic sewage treatment is a process by which any pollution is removed from domestic sewage. This process uses chemical, physical and biological processes to remove biological and physical pollutants. STP wastewater treatment packages help create a suitable recycling stream for reuse in the environment. The former method of treatment helps to remove the collected materials from the raw sewage. The sewage water is filtered and removes any objects in the sewage.
3. Wastewater treatment
package based on RBC rotating biological platesAnother process of wastewater treatment is the treatment based on rotating biological plates. In this process, there are many circular plates that are located on a shaft that is connected to the motor. In this process, unlike the contact stabilization method where the bacteria are immersed in the tank, the microorganisms are attached to the rotating plates and in this way, they perform the biological activity related to the purification. About 40% of these plates are inside the sewage, and if the environmental conditions are suitable in terms of the presence of organic substances, bacteria grow on the surface of the plates and gradually form a thin layer of bacteria on the plate, and with the secretion of enzymes, it causes the decomposition of organic materials. And they absorb them on the plates. In the other part, when the bacteria are removed from the sewage by rotating the plate and are exposed to the air, the oxygen needed for the continuation of the bacteria’s activity is supplied.
With the continuation of the process of decomposition of organic materials and purification of wastewater, the biological layer on the rotating plates becomes thicker and finally causes the bacteria of the bottom layer to be unable to receive oxygen and organic materials and finally causes the destruction of the bacteria. This also causes the adhesion between the biological layer to decrease and pieces of this layer are torn off and fall into the sewage. Therefore, after this stage, secondary purification must be done to remove these sludges. Primary treatment is also done before the main process to separate coarse particles.
3. Wastewater treatment
package based on RBC rotating biological platesAnother process of wastewater treatment is the treatment based on rotating biological plates. In this process, there are many circular plates that are located on a shaft that is connected to the motor. In this process, unlike the contact stabilization method where the bacteria are immersed in the tank, the microorganisms are attached to the rotating plates and in this way, they perform the biological activity related to the purification. About 40% of these plates are inside the sewage, and if the environmental conditions are suitable in terms of the presence of organic substances, bacteria grow on the surface of the plates and gradually form a thin layer of bacteria on the plate, and with the secretion of enzymes, it causes the decomposition of organic materials. And they absorb them on the plates. In the other part, when the bacteria are removed from the sewage by rotating the plate and are exposed to the air, the oxygen needed for the continuation of the bacteria’s activity is supplied.
With the continuation of the process of decomposition of organic materials and purification of wastewater, the biological layer on the rotating plates becomes thicker and finally causes the bacteria of the bottom layer to be unable to receive oxygen and organic materials and finally causes the destruction of the bacteria. This also causes the adhesion between the biological layer to decrease and pieces of this layer are torn off and fall into the sewage. Therefore, after this stage, secondary purification must be done to remove these sludges. Primary treatment is also done before the main process to separate coarse particles.
4. Common and Combined Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP) package
Small industries cannot have sewage treatment systems and therefore can use CETP sewage treatment packages. CETP wastewater treatment packages are placed where there are small scale industrial units. The main objective of the CETP wastewater treatment system is to reduce the cost of treatment for small industries. Combined and combined wastewater treatment plants help small-scale industries to treat wastewater without spending a lot of money.
5- Wastewater treatment package with MBR membrane bioreactor process
In the membrane bioreactor or MBR method, semi-permeable membranes are used in wastewater treatment, and these membranes can be immersed inside the bioreactor and can be placed in special places outside the bioreactor. In other words, in the MBR method, the biological process is combined with membrane filtration, thus eliminating the steps of sedimentation, disinfection and secondary purification that exist in the activated sludge method. Therefore, by using this method in wastewater treatment, not only the quality of the output effluent is higher, but also the elimination of the said steps causes the volume occupied by the treatment device to decrease.
The membrane bioreactor purification process is carried out in three general stages. The first step, which is physical purification, includes the removal of coarse solid particles, if this step is not done, these coarse particles can damage the membranes in the next steps. The second stage is biological treatment, which is done in this stage of aeration. The main purpose of this step is to wash the membranes with air, which is done using aeration tubes, and in addition to cleaning the membrane, it also supplies part of the oxygen needed by the cell mass.
6. Activated sludge treatment package (ASP)
ASP is another method used in wastewater treatment, an example of activated sludge treatment plant packages include Conder Asp, diamond vortex WPL, etc. It is essential to choose the most suitable one. The treatment plant should be maintained according to the type of activity to prolong its life. Regular maintenance also ensures the proper functioning of wastewater treatment packages.
It is necessary to keep water safe by using suitable packages for sewage treatment. Wastewater treatment not only reduces mortality but also protects the environment. Therefore, choosing one of the companies that sell sewage treatment packages helps to secure life and the health of the environment.
7. Wastewater treatment with CSAS contact stabilization activated sludge process
In the contact stabilization process called CSAS, two separate reservoirs are used to carry out biological activities, which are called contact reservoir and stabilization reservoir. After initial sedimentation, the incoming wastewater is first placed in the contact area accessible to bacteria. In this stage, which takes about 60 minutes, the dissolved BOD is rapidly decomposed, and particulate organic matter and colloids are trapped in the sludge clot in this area to be decomposed in the next step in the stabilization area.
In the stabilization zone, the return activated sludge is aerated. The concentration of bacteria increases in the stabilization phase and the suitable time for sludge stabilization also becomes longer (1 to 3 hours). The higher concentration of bacteria in the stabilization zone makes the contact stabilization process require less aeration than the mold flow process or complete mixing with similar SRT.
8- Wastewater treatment with batch reactor (SBR) process
Sequential Discontinuous Reactor or SBR method is one of the other methods of wastewater treatment in which, unlike the activated sludge method, the stages of wastewater treatment, stagnation and sedimentation, as well as discharge, are performed in a tank.
The steps of SBR purification are as follows:
Filling: In this step, after passing through various sieves that remove coarse particles, the incoming wastewater enters the sequential discontinuous reactor and fills 75 to 100% of the tank capacity.
Reaction: In this stage, which is also called aeration, biological reactions are carried out to treat wastewater.
Sedimentation: In this stage, the solid materials of the wastewater are settled and precipitated, which makes the treated wastewater clear. The sedimentation process is done in a discontinuous reactor at rest.
Discharge: In this step, which includes the separation of treated wastewater from settled solids, the effluent is discharged from the tank by floating or adjustable overflows.
Stagnation or rest: This stage, which is done before the reactor is refilled, provides the necessary conditions for the reactor to be refilled, which can be omitted in some systems.
9. Wastewater treatment based on activated sludge process with fixed media (IFAS)
The activated sludge process with fixed media (Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge) is actually a type of activated sludge process that in this method, in addition to submerged microorganisms, there are also microorganisms that work in the form of adhesion in the wastewater treatment tank. In the IFAS method, the media, which are actually plastic or sponge plates, are placed in the wastewater treatment pond, and the microorganisms continue to grow by sticking to these media and increase the cell mass inside the tank. In this way, the contact surface of the cell mass and wastewater increases, and as a result, the efficiency of wastewater treatment increases. In this process, the increase of microorganisms takes place without changing the volume of the treatment tank.
10. Wastewater treatment based on the UASB process
The UASB process or anaerobic sludge bed process with upward flow is one of the methods of wastewater treatment, which is especially suitable for the treatment of industrial wastewater such as soft drinks, dairy, paper production, and tomato paste production, and it has high efficiency in the treatment of these wastewaters. has it. In this method, as its name suggests, wastewater enters from the lower part of the reactor or tank and flows upwards. Along the way, the wastewater passes through the anaerobic sludge bed, which contains masses of microorganisms, and its organic matter is absorbed by the microorganisms. All biological activities in this process are done anaerobically. During the process, a large amount of gas (methane) is produced, and for this reason, there must be a tank to collect the gas produced inside the reactor. The gas collected in the tank can sometimes be used to generate energy.
Industrial wastewater treatment systems
Industrial wastewaters usually contain organic and inorganic substances in different concentrations. They may contain toxic and other harmful substances as well as components that may not be biodegradable and can sometimes reduce the efficiency of the industrial wastewater treatment process.
Therefore, industrial wastewater treatment plants are usually responsible for much more complicated work than urban wastewater treatment, so it should be done with special methods and advanced technologies. These options fall into three categories: physical, chemical, and biological.
Human sewage treatment systems
Human wastewater treatment is about water that is no longer suitable for use. In general, wastewater treatment refers to two methods, which include chemical wastewater treatment and biological wastewater treatment.
Biological treatment systems are used to treat wastewater from residential complexes, sanitary wastewater from industries, commercial places, and human wastewater in general.
FAQ
Factors such as treatment capacity, environmental conditions, access space, quality of incoming water, depth of underground water, etc. influence the selection of materials and types of water and wastewater treatment plants.
Wastewater from restaurants and kitchens often has a large amount of oil and fat and solids. As a result, it is necessary to use a suitable grain and grease removal system in all restaurants. On the other hand, due to the high pollution of restaurant and kitchen wastes, a supplementary process should be considered to reduce the pollution load.
In burial treatment plants, due to covering the surface of the treatment plant, it is more difficult to access the units and equipment compared to non-technical treatment plants. On the other hand, due to the possibility of creating dangerous and toxic gases in the environment of the treatment plant, you should think of proper arrangements for gas ventilation.